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The genusAcnephalomyiaLondt, 2010 (Diptera, Asilidae, Willistonininae) is reviewed in the southern Namib Desert. Currently, seven species ofAcnephalomyiaare recognised from Namibia and South Africa. In the southern Namib Desert, there are fourAcnephalomyiaspecies recorded to date:Acnephalomyia andrenoides(Wiedemann, 1828),Acnephalomyia eremiaLondt, 2010,Acnephalomyia iotaLondt, 2010 andAcnephalomyia platygaster(Loew, 1858). One new species,Acnephalomyia metallicoindicasp. nov. from the northern parts of the southern Namib Desert, is described and the single paratype ofAcnephalomyia iotaknown from Namibia is assigned to this species, restrictingA. iotato the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.Acnephalomyia eremiais recorded with several additional collecting events in the southern Namib Desert, extending its range significantly. Distribution, biology, occurrence in biodiversity hotspotssensuConservation International and seasonal imago flight activity are discussed for each species. Diagnoses, photographs, specimen occurrence data and an identification key to species are provided with the new species described in detail. Online resources to the original descriptions or re-descriptions and an illustrated dichotomous identification key are provided and all specimen images are uploaded to a dedicated image repository. The southern Namib Desert is chiefly outlined by the Namib-Naukluft National Park and adjacent areas to the east using nature reserves and roads to delimit the study area more precisely. The knowledge of Diptera, Asiloidea species and important early collectors of specimens (including the museum depository), especially at the Gobabeb Namib Research Institute, is summarised. An updated key to the Asilidae genera of the Afrotropical Region, to include all species ofAcnephalomyia, is provided. Both keys are made available online on the Lucid Keyserver. 

The Bombyliidae generaEnicaMacquart, 1834 andNomaloniaRondani, 1863, restricted to South Africa, are synonymized. Currently, one species ofEnicais known from South Africa,Enica longirostris(Wiedemann, 1819), and sixNomaloniaspecies are newly combined withEnica:Enica clavicornis(Hesse, 1956),comb. nov.;Enica eremophila, (Hesse, 1975),comb. nov.;Enica henicoides(Hesse, 1956),comb. nov.;Enica imitata(Hesse, 1956),comb. nov.;Enica sporanthera(Hesse, 1956),comb. nov.; andEnica syrticola(Hesse, 1956),comb. nov.A new species,Enica adelphesp. nov.from the Richtersveld in the Northern Cape of South Africa, is described. AllEnicaspecies are redescribed and a dichotomous key with photographic references is provided for ease of identification. Specimen occurrence data and photographs are provided for each species. Each species ofEnicaoccurs in at least one of three biodiversity hotspots in South Africa,i.e., Succulent Karoo, Cape Floristic Region, and Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany, withE. longirostrisoccurring in all three.